The Island has excellent and abundant natural harbors in bays like Havana, Cárdenas, Matanzas and Nuevitas on the north coast, and Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos on the south coast. 

In the relief three mountain ranges stand out: the Coordillera de Guaniguanico in the west, the Macizo de Guamuhaya in the center and the Sierra Maestra in the east, where the highest height of the country is located: Pico Turquino with 1 974 m. The plains occupy 60 percent of the country's areaMore than 60 percent of the country's rocks are calcareous, which gives rise to more than 20,000 caves that make up an interesting underground world. In Cuba, the presence of natural and artificial reservoirs is remarkable. It has a fluvial network with short rivers and generally of little flow and little length; the main ones are: Cauto, Zaza and Sagua la Grande.
25 percent of the territory is forests, mainly mangroves. 23 percent of the area has some degree of protection of its nature, highlighting its 14 national parks. 
The soils are moderately fertile, dedicated to the cultivation of sugarcane, various crops and livestock.. 
The time zone of the Republic of Cuba is GMT - 5, so it shares a time zone with Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru; Mexico central time (summer time), among other countries.